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《初二英语下册的重点语法》

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  重点语法

  一般将来时态的应用

  do/does 的一般将来时态形式:(shall/will) do

  do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态:(shall/will) be done

  一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:

  肯定句例句:People will have robots in a few years.

  否定句例句:People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.

  一般疑问句例句:Will people have robots in a few years?

  特殊疑问句例句:What will people have in a few years?

  重点语法

  过去将来时

  一、过去将来时的结构

  should/would+动词原形

  do/does 的过去将来时态形式:(should/would) do

  do/does的过去将来时态的被动语态:(should/would) be done

  过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:

  肯定句例句:You should write a letter to him.

  否定句例句:You shouldn't write a letter to him.

  一般疑问句例句:Should I write a letter to him?

  特殊疑问句例句:What should I do?

  重点语法

  过去进行时

  do/does 的过去进行时态形式:(was/were) doing

  do/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态:(was/were) being done

  过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式:

  肯定句例句:I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.

  否定句例句:I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.

  一般疑问句例句:Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?

  特殊疑问句例句:What were you doing when a UFO landed?

  动词 when 和 while 的选择:when 后加瞬间动词,while 后加延续性动词。

  例句:The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.

  =While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.

  重点语法

  宾语从句

  结构:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语)

  1、引导名词性从句的连接词

  (1)that:没有含义,在宾语从句中不做成分

  (2)whether/if:表示是否,宾语从句中不做成分。

  I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后,他是否还住在这里。

  (3)连接代词:what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语)

  连接副词:where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语)

  2、在做宾语从句的题目时应注意时态

  (1)当主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。

  He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。

  (2)当主句是过去时态时,宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。

  She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。

  (3)当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时,任何时候都用一般现在时。

  The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。

  重点语法

  if 引导的条件状语从句

  结构:主句 + if + 条件状语从句

  if + 条件状语从句 + [(comma)] + 主句

  注意:

  在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,主句应用将来时态,状语从句用一般现在时态。

  例句:You'll have a great time if you go to the party.

  =If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.

  重点语法

  现在完成进行时态

  do/does 的现在完成进行时态形式:have/has been doing

  do/does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态:have/has been being done

  现在完成进行时态所应用的场合:

  ①某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做

  ②过去发生的动作对现在造成影响

  I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.自从那次他与我谈过心后,我天天都在进步。

  现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式:

  肯定句例句:I have been skating for five hours.

  否定句例句:I haven't been skating for five hours.

  一般疑问句例句:Have you been skating for five hours?

  特殊疑问句例句:How long have you been skating?

  重点语法

  现在完成时

  一、现在完成时的结构

  主语 + have/has + 过去分词 +其他.(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have.)

  否定式:主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他.

  疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?

  简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)

  No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)

  二、现在完成时用法、定义详细讲解

  1、表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果,着眼点在现在,主要强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。

  He has lost his wallet.他的钱包丢了。

  We’ve had too much rain this year.今年雨水太多。

  2、表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在,并可能延续下去的动作。

  He has worked here for over twenty years.他在这里工作已有20多年了。

  3、表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。

  I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次。

  重点语法

  反意疑问句

  反意疑问句由肯定陈述句加否定问句构成,或者由否定陈述句加肯定问句构成。

  He's a student, isn't he?

  She's not his mother, is she?

  回答反意疑问句时,要根据事实来回答。若事实是肯定的,则必须用 yes 回答。若事实是否定的,则必须用 no 回答。

  ---You're not ready, are you?你还没有准备好,对吧?

  ---No, I'm not.是的,我没有准备好。

  ---Yes, I am.不,我准备好了。