《过去完成时的结构用法》
过去完成时，作文初中英语的必考时态之一，在英语学习中也占据着主要的地位，那么，过去完成时的结构是什么、具体该怎么用呢，下面就来详细了解一下。
过去完成时,过去完成时的结构用法
过去完成时的定义
过去完成时①表示发生在过去的动作对过去晚些时候造成的影响或结果②过去某一动作一直持续到过去晚些时候将来可能还要延续。
一、基本结构：主语+had+过去分词
①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词
②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答： No,主 语+had not
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？
过去完成时的基本用法
1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。
例如：
By nine o’clock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。
例如：
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
3）一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：
（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night
（ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
过去完成时的常见考法
对于过去完成时的考查，多以单选、词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的 能力。在考试中，一般会让大家判断是否该用过去完成时。
典型例题1：
We ____five English songs by the end of last term.
A had learned B learned C have learned D will have learned
解析：“到上学期为止，我们已经学了五首英文歌曲”，by+过去的时间点，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。
答案：A
误区提醒:
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在状语从句和宾语从句中。
典型例题1：The meeting _____when Mr. Wang _____to school.
A has begun; get B has been on; get C had begun; got D had been on; got
解析：题干的意思是“当王先生到达学校的时候，会议已经开始了”。表达两个动作先后发生，“到达”是过去的，用一般过去时，“会议已经开始”在之前发生，“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，排除 A和 B。而had been on表示会议应经进行了多长时间，应和时间段连用，所以排除。
过去完成时①表示发生在过去的动作对过去晚些时候造成的影响或结果②过去某一动作一直持续到过去晚些时候将来可能还要延续。
用动词的适当形式填空
1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.
2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).
3. They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave).
4. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen_______ (arrive).
5. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.
6. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call.
7. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice.
8. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake.
9. When the chairman ______________ (finish) speaking, he _____________ (leave)the hall.
10.The Reads __ ______ (have) lunch when I ________________(get) to their house.
11.When I ______________(arrive) at the station, he ____________________(leave).
12.We _______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.
13. I waited until he _______________(finish) his homework.
14. We were surprised at what she ________already ______(do)
15.She ____________(not go) to Qingdao because she ________________ (be) there before.
16. He ______________(not tell) you the news yet.
17. He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher.
18. I ______________(be) to Shanghai before.
19. She told me she _________________(be) to Sanya three times.
20.She _____________(play) the guitar while her sister_______________(sing).
参考答案：
1. had painted... moved 2. had made ... died 3. had studied…left4. had run away..arrived5. had turned off …went 6. went …had made 7. said …had read 8 failed …had made 9. (had) finished …left 10. were having/had had …got 11. arrived ..had left 12.. had learned 13. (had) finished 14. had ..done 15 didn't go …had been 16. hasn't told 17 had …given 18. have been 19. had been 20. was playing …was singing
单选
1 When Li Ming hurried home， he found that his mother ____already____to hospital.
A has； been sent B had； sent C has； sent D had； been sent
2 We ____five English songs by the end of last term.
A had learned B learned C have learned D will have learned
3 Han Mei told me she _____lunch， so she was very hungry.
A has had B hasn't have C have had D hadn't had
4 By the end of 1976， many buildings _____built in the city.
A have been B have C had been D will
5 She _____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____home.
A has left； comes B had left； would come C had left； came D left； had come
6 He said that it was at least ten years since I _____a good drink.
A had enjoyed B was enjoying C have enjoyed D have been enjoying
7 The meeting _____when Mr. Wang _____to school.
A has begun；get B has been on；get C had begun；got D had been on；got
参考答案：
1D 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 C 6 A 7 C
填空
1 When I returned home， he _____ （leave）。
2 By ten yesterday evening， she ________（finish）writing.
3 He ______ （study） English for five years before he came here.
4 It ____ _____ （stop） raining when I wake up this morning.
5 I _____ （not read） the book because I had read it before.
6 She said she____ （be） born in 1992.
7 When he _____（come） to China two years ago he found people didn't understand him at all though he ________（learn） some Chinese in his own country.
8 I saw Han Mei yesterday. We _____（not see） each other since left Beijing.
9 When I got to his home， he_____（go） to bed.
10 She asked if Mr. Liu _____ already _____（come） back.
参考答案：
1 had left 2 had finished 3 had studied4 had stopped5 didn't read 6 was 7 came had learned8 hadn't seen 9 had gone 10 had come
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